In Mississippi, the passage of Initiative 65 will establish a medical marijuana program. In Washington, DC, residents voted to make the use and possession of entheogenic plants (i.e., psychedelics like magic mushrooms) the lowest enforcement priority for police. But the most significant step has been taken in Oregon, where two groundbreaking measures will decriminalize all drugs (even hard drugs like cocaine and heroin, when possessed in small amounts) and legalize access to psilocybin for medicinal purposes. In line with the idea that drug use is more of a public health crisis than a criminal justice issue, Oregon has increased funding for addiction treatment services.
Benefits of Drug Decriminalization
Those who support drug policy reform legislation believe that decriminalizing drug possession and investing in treatment and harm reduction services has many benefits for public safety and health, including:
Fewer arrests and incarcerationsIncreased uptake into treatment and recovery servicesRedirecting law enforcement resources to prevent serious and violent crimesLower criminal justice costs
Matt Sutton, director of media relations at the Drug Policy Alliance, offers some insight into the reasoning for widespread drug decriminalization efforts: “Between the overdose crisis that has claimed nearly 70,000 lives a year, a global pandemic that has revealed the extensive health disparities that exist in the U.S., especially among communities of color, and the country reckoning with its history of racial injustice through the eyes of Breonna Taylor and George Floyd, punishing people for drug use no longer seems like any kind of reasonable solution.” There’s also the issue of stigma. “Criminalization serves as a huge barrier to people getting the treatment and other health services they need, because of fear of punishment and the stigma associated with a substance that is considered ‘criminal’,” Sutton says.
The COVID-19 Effect
The pandemic has had a devastating impact on people who use drugs. “While we battle the coronavirus, we’re experiencing an overdose epidemic, which is claiming a record number of deaths in many parts of the country,” says Kasia Malinowska, the director of the Global Drug Policy Program at the Open Society Foundations. Malinowska explains, “There is an increased recognition that jails and prisons are not an appropriate response for drug use and dependence. What our country needs to recognize is that policies that reduce stigma and favor good quality drug treatment—like wide availability of naloxone and increased flexibility for methadone and buprenorphine treatment—should be made permanent.”
Changing Perceptions
While marijuana will now be legal for medical use in 36 states and for recreational use in 15 states, other types of drugs have a longer route toward the same level of public acceptance. But attitudes are changing, even when it comes to the psychedelic drugs that have been portrayed as extremely dangerous for decades. A growing body of scientific research suggests that classic serotonergic psychedelics (such as psilocybin) are not only physiologically safe, but have the potential to revolutionize psychiatric research and treatment. “The older generations’ perception of psychedelic drugs has been shifted by the near constant reports as to their scientifically proven benefits,” says New Mexico-based writer and co-producer of the podcast “No Cures, Only Alchemy,” Bett Williams. “Younger people never carried the stigma about psychedelics in the first place, and [they] are either ambivalent or approving.”
Learning From Other Countries
Many other countries have some form of drug decriminalization. Sutton points to Portugal (where the personal possession of all drugs was decriminalized in 2001) and Switzerland (where minor possession of marijuana was decriminalized to a fine in 2013) as examples. “These countries have seen overdose rates decline, HIV and other infectious disease rates plummet, and a huge uptick in people voluntarily accessing services as a result,” Sutton says. Measure 110 in Oregon is similar to what was done in Portugal and Switzerland, Sutton notes. “It pairs decriminalization with increased access to health services, funded by excess marijuana tax revenue and law enforcement cost savings, ensuring people get the care they need.” “There is widespread optimism that Oregon’s experience with implementing Measure 110 to decriminalize personal possession of all drugs will lead as an inspiration to reform drug policies across the country,” Malinowska adds.
