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The Elements of a Simple Experiment A simple experiment is composed of several key elements: The Experimental Hypothesis: This is a statement that predicts that the treatment will cause an effect and so will always be phrased as a cause-and-effect statement. For example, researchers might phrase a hypothesis in this way: “Administration of Medicine A will result in a reduction of symptoms of Disease B.” The Null Hypothesis: This is a hypothesis that the experimental treatment will have no effect on the participants or dependent variables....

Speech Anxiety and SAD Public speaking anxiety may also be called speech anxiety or performance anxiety and is a type of social anxiety disorder (SAD). Social anxiety disorder, also sometimes referred to as social phobia, is one of the most common types of mental health conditions. Symptoms Symptoms of public speaking anxiety are the same as those that occur for social anxiety disorder, but they only happen in the context of speaking in public....

What Is Vertigo? This article explores the connection between stress and vertigo and what you should do if you exhibit signs of either or both conditions. What’s the Connection Between Stress and Vertigo? In some cases, people report feeling vertigo symptoms when stressed. This caused researchers and scientists to explore if there was a link between both conditions. Up to 5% of adults in the United States report experiencing vertigo when they are stressed or anxious....

Mental illnesses have been around just as long as humans have. Thankfully, we are now living in a society that is beginning to understand the importance of discussing these issues and offering acceptance to the individuals in our lives who struggle with their mental well-being. Improved psychological health means an improved quality of life. Many therapists, psychologists, and mental health professionals have accepted the responsibility of continuing our mental health education with books that discuss everything from daily stresses to depression....

If someone wasn’t “good” at art in school, it may not even occur to them to try their hand at it again as an adult. But there’s a key difference: Now no one is being graded, there are no assignments, and, most importantly, the idea is to help people manage stress—not create it. There are many different types of art therapy to explore, so it may take some trial-and-error before finding one that truly helps with relaxation....

In one study, clinicians had a much greater tendency to believe that people repress memories that can be recovered in therapy than the researchers did. The general public, too, has a belief in repressed memory. Clearly, more research is needed in the area of memory. Trauma Can Be Forgotten Most people remember the bad things that happen to them, but sometimes extreme trauma is forgotten. Scientists are studying this, and we are beginning to understand how this occurs....

An estimated 1% to 6% of adults are thought to have NPD, although many romantic partners, parents, children, family members, co-workers, and friends are thought to be directly affected by this disorder as well. Uncovering the Origins of Narcissistic Personality Disorder While the concept of narcissism dates back thousands of years, narcissistic personality disorder only became a recognized illness within the last 50 years. In order to better understand how psychologists and researchers view NPD, it is essential to take a closer look at how this personality disorder came to be....

How Alcoholism Affects Society Approximately 13.9% of people in the United States will meet the criteria for severe alcohol use disorder in their lifetimes, and alcohol is involved in more than 88,000 deaths per year. But it’s not necessarily people who have alcohol addiction having the biggest impact on these figures. It’s estimated that 77% of the cost of excessive alcohol consumption in the U.S. is due to binge drinking, and most binge drinkers are not alcohol dependent....

Conversely, if the situation is followed by discomfort, the connections to the situation will become weaker, and the behavior of response is less likely to occur when the situation is repeated. Imagine that you arrive early to work one day by accident. Your boss notices and praises your diligence. The praise makes you feel good, so it reinforces the behavior. You start showing up for work a little bit early each day to keep receiving your boss’s commendations....

However, in long-term relationships, it’s often the little things that matter most. The small, everyday acts of caring and the simple but sincere words of love and support can play a big part in ensuring happiness and well-being. This article discusses why the little things in relationships matter the most and suggests some simple gestures that can help you show your partner that you care. Why the Little Things Mean a Lot They help promote stability in relationships because they show your partner that they’re important to you and that you think about them....

The widespread stories of violence against Asian American elders are numerous. Among the heartbreaking incidents include Vicha Ratanapakdee, an 84-year-old immigrant from Thailand, who suffered a fatal attack after being shoved; Vilma Kari, a 65-year-old Filipino woman brutally ambushed on her way to church; and Than Than Htwe, a 58-year-old Burmese woman who passed away from critical injuries from an attempted robbery. The NYPD reported an 11% increase in hate incidents against Asians over age 65 from 2019 to 2020, with many cases closed without action because they’re considered a violation instead of a crime....

Closer Look at Achievement Tests The achievement tests that most people are familiar with are the standard exams taken by every student in school. Students are regularly expected to demonstrate their learning and proficiency in a variety of subjects. In most cases, certain scores on these achievement tests are needed in order to pass a class or continue on to the next grade level. The role of achievement tests in education has become much more pronounced since the passage of the 2001 No Child Left Behind Act....

What Is Conditioned Taste Aversion? Have you ever gotten ill after eating something and later found that just the thought of that food made you feel a bit queasy? A conditioned taste aversion can occur when eating a substance is followed by illness. For example, if you ate sushi for lunch and then became ill, you might avoid eating sushi in the future, even if it had no relationship to your illness....

The sexualization of young girls occurs when individuals or when a society explicitly or implicitly demonstrates that a girl’s value comes only from her sexual appeal or behavior, to the exclusion of other characteristics, or when she is sexually objectified, or when sexuality is inappropriately imposed upon her. Sexualization in the Media Sexualization is everywhere: in children’s TV shows, in movies, in ads, in video games, in retail, in marketing campaigns, in social media posts, in pornography, and more....

For instance, most people with panic disorder will encounter feelings of fear and anxiety and may be participating in some form of treatment to manage symptoms. Here are some things to consider when dating someone with panic disorder: Let Go of Assumptions When you first learn that the person you are dating has panic disorder, certain assumptions may come to mind. For example, you may think that they must be overly nervous and fearful, or perhaps you think they just worry too much....

This article discusses what narcissism is, what it’s like to deal with someone who shows frequent narcissistic behaviors, how their behavior might affect you, and what you can do to care for your own emotional well-being. What Is a Narcissist? A narcissist is someone with an inflated image of themselves. A person with this quality often has such an excessive interest in their own image and appearance that they lack consideration or empathy for others....

What Are ECT and TMS? ECT and TMS are two different therapy models, let’s see how they compare. Andy Behrman: How does TMS work differently from electroshock therapy (ECT)? What are the advantages of TMS over medication and ECT? Dr. Kira Stein: ECT works by applying direct electric currents to the patient’s head while they are sedated and immobilized, intentionally causing a “therapeutic seizure” in order to reset the brain. ECT is associated with short-term cognitive effects that often, but not always, preclude independent living during the period of time ECT is delivered....

Along with this, many face marginalization and discrimination in various forms including being prevented or denied the ability to live their traditions, express their cultures, and even speak their language. In order to understand many of the unique issues that Indigenous populations face, it is essential to gain a better understanding and awareness of Indigenous peoples, their history, and their cultures. What Are Indigenous Populations? According to the World Health Organization, Indigenous populations identify as part of a distinct group or are descended from people who originate in areas that were their traditional lands that existed prior to the establishment of modern-day borders....

With expert guidance, we’ve outlined everything you need to know about what sound baths are, what benefits sound baths may provide to participants, and how you can experience one yourself. What Is a Sound Bath? In general, a sound bath is a meditative experience where those in attendance are “bathed” in sound waves. These waves are produced by various sources, including healing instruments such as gongs, singing bowls, percussion, chimes, rattles, tuning forks, and even the human voice itself....