The Research
One of the active ingredients in ayahuasca is DMT, a psychedelic compound found in certain plants and trace amounts in the human body. DMT is considered a Schedule I drug and is therefore illegal for anything outside research. But underground, indigenous, and religious use of ayahuasca has expanded globally, and research has linked it to beneficial effects on treatment-resistant depression and social anxiety. For this particular study, researchers set out to analyze the ayahuasca experience outside of its original context. Gathering data from the Netherlands, whose ayahuasca networks continue to grow, researchers studied a sample of 377 participants that identified as ayahuasca users. Within the sample, ages ranged from 22-80 years old; 58% of participants reported using ayahuasca for the past five years, 55% had attended an ayahuasca ceremony within the past six months, and 30% had attended more than 100 ceremonies. Participants answered questionnaires regarding their physical and mental health, dietary habits, social support, values, and coping strategies. Nearly all participants (99.8%) reported being very positively or positively influenced by ayahuasca. When it came to physical benefits, 64% reported higher energy levels, greater physical relaxation, better pain management, improved gastrointestinal health, reduced or halted substance use, and being more in tune with the body. Psychologically, 98.7% of participants reported greater happiness, optimism, self-acceptance, confidence, empathy, and feeling more peaceful and calm. Only 8.5% reported adverse effects, such as anxiety attacks, fainting, or difficulty on the journey. In the study, researchers wrote that their findings suggest “a good safety and tolerability profile of ayahuasca, low risk for abuse, and potential benefits for the individual’s health, particularly if used in a controlled ceremonial setting.” They encourage policy-makers to refer to scientific evidence when developing and implementing public health policies.
Change in Perception
“Although this study certainly doesn’t prove causation between ayahuasca use and improved mental and physical health, it adds to a growing body of encouraging research,” says Caroline Dorsen, PhD, who is on the faculty of both the schools of nursing and public health at Rutgers University. “Rescheduling ayahuasca and other psychedelics would facilitate scientists’ ability to conduct methodologically rigorous research to assess their potential to improve health and well-being.” Dorsen’s current project is examining health professionals’ attitudes toward and knowledge of psychedelic drug use as a healing modality. “Our concern is that old stereotypes and myths about psychedelics as drugs of abuse could prevent us from realizing their potential as healing modalities for historically hard-to-treat and potentially disabling issues, such as severe depression, PTSD, and addiction,” Dorsen says. Psychotherapist Mike Dow, PsyD, who administers ketamine-assisted therapy—another psychoactive drug that’s been linked to mental health benefits,—at Field Trip Health, wants to see a change in American health care that prioritizes therapy plus the integration of medicine, rather than one or the other. “This approach targets the biological but ignores the psycho-social-spiritual aspects of a person’s wellness,” Dow says. “SSRIs are the most frequently prescribed drug for PTSD but the benefits only last if the patient takes the pill every day. Wouldn’t it be better to synergistically use medicine combined with psychotherapy to actually help the brain reprocess the traumatic event?” Dow hopes research like this will lead to a public change of opinion about psychedelics and what we consider safe and acceptable.“I always find it interesting that two of the most harmful drugs, alcohol and nicotine, are legal in the US, whereas psychedelics like ayahuasca are illegal,” he says. “I hope this leads to a more root-cause oriented and/or functional approach to mental health care.”
